Probability of workplace accidents on construction sites of vertical buildings in the municipality of Fortaleza, Brazil

Cavalcante, Samuel Onofre; Moreira, Frederico Guilherme Pamplona; Silva, Lucas Eduardo da Conceição

doi:10.1590/s1678-86212025000100804

Conceptualization

Writing – original draft

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Validation

Writing – review & Editing

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre – RS – Brasil

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1897-717X

Conceptualization

Supervision

Writing – original draft

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Validation

Writing – review & Editing

Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém – PA - Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-2647

Writing – original draft

Formal analysis

Investigation

Methodology

Validation

Writing – review & Editing

Data Curation

Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém – PA - Brasil

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1206-0509

Editor:

Enedir Ghisi

ID	VARIABLES	CATEGORIES	CLASSIFICATION
1	Construction phase	Construction of retaining walls and excavation Construction of foundation blocks and excavation Masonry, screed and structure Installations, facade and finishes	Polychotomous ordinal qualitative
2	Gender	Female Male	Dichotomous nominal qualitative
3	Age range	≤ 24 25 - 44 ≥ 45	Polychotomous ordinal qualitative
4	Marital status	Single Married Separated/Divorced Widowed	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
5	Level of education	Literate + Illiterate Elementary High school Graduated	Polychotomous ordinal qualitative
6	Main career occupation	11 occupation categories	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
7	Employment status	Salaried Outsourced Trainee	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
8	Working shift	Full-time Morning Afternoon Evening Full-time/ Evening	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
9	Years of experience	Scalar variable	Continuous quantitative
10	Weekly hours worked	Scalar variable	Continuous quantitative
11	Activities on the construction site	11 activity categories	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
12	Role on site	Electrical services Blacksmith/carpenter Assemblers/welders Machine operators Technical Room/administration/Storekeeper Rough service Workers Others	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
13	Have you ever had an accident in your career?	Yes No	Dichotomous nominal qualitative
14	Have you ever had an accident at work on this site?	Yes No	Dichotomous nominal qualitative
15	Did the accident occur during the week or at the weekend?	Week Weekend	Dichotomous nominal qualitative
16	On which shift the accident occurred	Morning Afternoon Evening	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
17	What was the causative agent in the last accident?	9 categories of causative agent	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
18	Nature of the last injury	6 categories nature of the injury	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
19	With work absence?	Yes No	Dichotomous nominal qualitative
20	Days of absence	Scalar variable	Continuous quantitative
21	How many construction sites have you worked on in your career?	Scalar variable	Continuous quantitative
22	Have you had any occupational safety training while working in your career?	Yes No	Dichotomous nominal qualitative
23	Have you had any occupational safety training while working on this site?	Yes No	Dichotomous nominal qualitative
24	If yes, which one(s)?	Safety instruction Do not remember No training Regulatory standards Others	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
25	How many hours of training?	Scalar variable	Continuous quantitative
26	Do you use EPI in your workplace?	Yes No Sometimes	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
27	Have you been or are you a member of CIPA?	Yes No	Dichotomous nominal qualitative
28	Are accidents that happen here reported?	Yes No Unsure	Polychotomous nominal qualitative
29	Do you consider your workplace organized?	Likert scale - 0 to 10	Discrete quantitative
30	At this construction site, is the company interested in your opinions on safety?	Likert scale - 0 to 10	Discrete quantitative
31	How much do you consider the company’s management to be committed to safety?	Likert scale - 0 to 10	Discrete quantitative
32	Are the safety procedures adopted by the company strict regarding risk?	Likert scale - 0 to 10	Discrete quantitative
33	How useful do you consider the safety instructions?	Likert scale - 0 to 10	Discrete quantitative

Constructive phases	Company	Type of building	Interviewed workers	Accidents on site	Types of Accidents on site
Installations, Facade and Finishes	A	Hospital	84	13	9 - (T); 4 - (OD)
Installations, Facade and Finishes	B	Residential	64	1	1 - (T)
Masonry, Subfloor and Structure	C	Residential	42	2	2 - (T)
Installations, Facade e Finishes	C	Residential	48	7	1 - (T); 1 - (RTA); 5 - (OD)
Construction of retaining walls and excavation	D	Residential	28	3	2 - (T); 1 - (RTA)
Masonry, Subfloor and Structure	D	Residential	55	2	1 - (T); 1 - (RTA)
Construction of retaining walls and excavation	E	Residential	25	1	1 - (T)
Execution of foundation blocks and excavation	F	Residential	45	2	2 - (T)
Construction of retaining walls and excavation	F	Commercial	20	-	-
Construction of retaining walls and excavation	F	Residential	21	-	-
Sum			432	31	31

Independent variable	Categories
Gender (Binary)	Female
Gender (Binary)	Male
Age range (Years) (Categoric)	≤ 24
	25 — 44
	≥ 45
Educational level (Categoric)	Literate + Illiterate
	Elementary
	High school
	Graduated
Construction phase (Categoric)	Construction of retaining walls and excavation
	Construction of foundation blocks and excavation
	Masonry, screed and structure
	Installations, facade and finishes
Job role on the construction site (Categoric)	Electrical services
	Blacksmith/carpenter
	Assemblers/welders
	Machine operators
	Rough service workers
	Technical room/administration/Storekeeper
	Others
Training (Categoric)	Safety instruction
	Do not remember
	No training
	Regulatory standards
	Others
Construction site organization (Continuous)	Likert scale — 0 to 10
Commitment to safety (Continuous)	Likert scale — 0 to 10
Work experience (Continuous)	Years

Variable	Reference	Predictors	O.R.	Estimated	C.I.		p-value
Variable	Reference	Predictors	O.R.	Estimated	2.5%	97.5%	p-value
Age range	≤ 24	25 – 44	3.400	1.223	0.934	12.371	0.063^(.) (.) p < 0.1.
Age range	≤ 24	≥ 45	14.550	2.677	1.587	133.358	0.017^() ()** p < 0.05;
Construction phase	Masonry, screed and structure	Construction of retaining walls and excavation	0.738	-0.303	0.158	3.444	0.699
		Construction of foundation blocks and excavation	0.787	-0.238	0.125	4.953	0.798
		Installations, facade and finishes	0.313	-1.161	0.084	1.157	0.081^(.) (.) p < 0.1.
Ocupation	Rough service workers	Electrical services	3.784	1.330	0.785	18.242	0.097^(.) (.) p < 0.1.
		Blacksmith/Carpenter	0.935	-0.066	0.207	4.227	0.931
		Assemblers/Welders	0.067	-2.692	0.008	0.514	0.009^() () p < 0.01;
		Machine operators	0.565	-0.570	0.125	2.547	0.457
		Others	3.743	1.319	0.441	31.718	0.226
		Administration	1.317	0.275	0.374	4.636	0.667
Training	Regulatory standards	Others	1.566	0.448	0.561	4.370	0.391
		Do not remember	0.797	-0.226	0.171	3.713	0.773
		No training	2.804	1.031	0.736	10.686	0.130
		Safety instruction	6.251	1.832	1.027	38.016	0.046^() ()** p < 0.05;
Organization	–	–	1.085	0.082	0.839	1.403	0.530
Commitment	–	–	1.491	0.399	1.166	1.906	0.001^() () p < 0.01;
Experience	–	–	0.951	-0.049	0.893	1.013	0.119

Independent variable	Degrees of freedom	VIF
Construction phase	3	1.6839
Age range	2	3.0890
Experience	1	3.0128
Ocupation	6	2.9106
Training	4	1.8987
Organization	1	2.0233
Commitment	1	2.0677
VIF Average		2.3837

[1] Note: CIPA is the “Comissão Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes” (Internal Accident Prevention Committee).

Probability of workplace accidents on construction sites of vertical buildings in the municipality of Fortaleza, Brazil

Probabilidade de acidentes de trabalho em canteiros de obras de edifícios verticais no município de Fortaleza, Brasil

Abstract