Logomarca do periódico: Materials Research

Open-access Materials Research

Publication of: ABM, ABC, ABPol
Area: Engineering ISSN printed version: 1516-1439
ISSN online version: 1980-5373

Table of contents

Materials Research, Volume: 28, Published: 2025
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Materials Research, Volume: 28, Published: 2025

Document list
Articles
Silica Deposition on Polyamide 6,6 Fabrics by Hybrid Corona-Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Francelino, Isabella Grinberg Miranda, Felipe de Souza Gasi, Fernando Silva, Marcia Cristina Lourenço, Sérgio Ricardo Petraconi Filho, Gilberto

Abstract in English:

This work aims to deposit silica (SiO2) on polyamide 6,6 fabrics by hybrid corona-dielectric barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure. The reactor used, developed at the Laboratory of Plasma and Processes of the Aeronautics Institute of Technology (LPP/ITA), allows the treatment of fabric surfaces by activation and plasma deposition processes, aiming, in this order, the alteration of wettability and the deposition of silica on its surface, using a silicic acid solution (Si(OH)4) as a silica precursor. The morphology of the deposited films was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To identify the chemical modifications generated by the plasma treatment, the untreated and treated samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The thermal behavior of the treated and untreated samples was evaluated by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was also used to identify crystalline phases in the film. The results showed that plasma processing proved to be an effective technique for modifying the surface characteristics of polyamide 6,6.
Articles
Comparison of Multiparameter Selection Processes for Potential Application of Titanium Alloys in Coronary Stents Romero, Felipe Morales Campanelli, Leonardo Contri Reis, Danieli Aparecida Pereira

Abstract in English:

This study presents a detailed analysis of the feasibility of Ti-15Mo alloy for coronary stents by independently applying the TOPSIS and RADAR multi-parameter selection methods independently and comparing the results obtained. The research focused on evaluating β-metastable titanium alloys for use in coronary stents, employing the TOPSIS and RADAR methods for a comprehensive and independent analysis. The independent application of these methods enabled for a robust and detailed comparison between different candidate materials, considering crucial criteria such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. The results showed that the Ti-15Mo alloy excelled in terms of safety and mechanical performance in both methodologies, offering a combination of mechanical properties and biological compatibility suitable for this application. Compared to 316L stainless steel and Co-Cr L605, Ti-15Mo consistently outperformed across multiple criteria. This study positions Ti-15Mo as a promising candidate for coronary stents and emphasizes the effectiveness of combining TOPSIS and RADAR methodologies for comprehensive material selection in biomedical applications. The research underscores the importance of detailed and methodological evaluation to optimize the performance and safety of advanced biomedical devices.
Articles
Sustainable Ceramic Membranes from Clays and Mining Wastes by Rapid Sintering Process Firmino, Hellen C. T. Gomes, Déborah dos S. Silva, Vanderlane C. da Santos, Ieda M. G. Lira, Helio L. Santana, Lisiane N. L. Menezes, Romualdo R. Neves, Gelmires de A.

Abstract in English:

This study characterized wastes from scheelite and columbite-tantalite mining, as well as kaolin processing, to produce microfiltration membranes for wastewater treatment using a fast-sintered process. After characterization, the wastes were mixed with clays, pressed, and sintered at low temperatures of 1050 and 1100 °C. The resulting membranes exhibited pore size distributions ranging from 3 μm to 180 μm and flexural strengths exceeding 14 MPa. In a crossflow filtration system, permeate fluxes ranged from 177 L/h.m2 to 228 L/h.m2 at 2 bar, with permeabilities from 99 to 130 L/h.m2 bar depending on the waste content. Membranes with smaller pore sizes effectively removed 90% to 96% of turbidity from a water/clay suspension containing micrometric clay particles. This approach demonstrates that rapid sintering of ceramic membranes from mining waste can effectively reduce environmental impacts and energy costs, providing a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment.
Article
Microstructural Evolution of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel During Cold Rolling and Subsequent Annealing Gauss, C. Sandim, M.J.R. Sandim, H.R.Z.

Abstract in English:

We followed the microstructural evolution of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel during cold rolling up to 79% reduction in thickness and at early stages of isothermal annealing at 1080ºC. Qualitative analysis of peak broadening and kernel average misorientation (KAM) parameter obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), respectively, indicated a higher work hardening of austenite. Strain-induced martensite was not detected within this strain range by using X-ray diffraction and DC-magnetisation measurements. Two particular rolling thickness reductions were chosen for recrystallisation studies; i.e., 43% and 64%. After annealing for 1 min, primary recrystallisation occurred in ferrite (42% of recrystallised grains for 43% cold rolling), whereas austenite only recovered. For a reduction of 64%, the recrystallised fraction of ferrite did not change significantly, while austenite reached a recrystallised fraction of 43%. Full recrystallisation is noticed after annealing for 3 min for both conditions resulting in a bamboo-like grain structure.
Article
Study of the efficacy of Zinc Oxalate Conversion Coating in Protecting Structures Containing Galvanized Steel in Corrosive Environments with ph Variation Barretto, Tatiana C.M. Souza, Carlos A.C. Ferreira Jr., José M. Ribeiro, Daniel V.

Abstract in English:

Corrosion of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete significantly compromises the durability of structures. In aggressive environments, measures such as galvanization are common, but surface treatments with zinc chromate (Cr6+), a carcinogenic compound, demand safer alternatives. Organic acids, especially oxalic acid, have shown promise in acidic environments, but their efficacy under alkaline conditions is uncertain. This study evaluates the zinc oxalate conversion coating on galvanized steel exposed to corrosive environments with varied pH. Galvanized sheets were treated with oxalic acid [0.1 m] and exposed to alkaline solutions (pH 13) and slightly acidic nacl solutions (ph 6.5). Corrosion resistance tests and analyses of phase formation (XRD) and morphology (SEM) were conducted. Results showed that the zinc oxalate film acts as a physical barrier in acidic conditions but dissolves in alkaline environments, demonstrating ineffectiveness. In NaCl solution, treatment with oxalic acid promotes the formation of a zinc oxalate layer, which accelerates the formation of corrosion products and improves resistance to corrosive attack. In contrast, treatment with an alkaline solution results in a less effective passivation layer, offering limited protective effects and leading to a higher corrosion rate over time.
Article
Processing and Characterization of a Novel ZTA-MgO for Dental Applications Saggioro, Ana Clara Bortolucci Fernandes, Leandro Villas-Bôas, Mariana de Oliveira Carlos Salomão, Rafael Pinelli, Lígia Antunes Pereira

Abstract in English:

Zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) is a promising material for dentistry; however, its current formulation exhibits a mauve coloration. This study aimed to synthesize a white ZTA ceramic by doping it with 0.7 wt% magnesium oxide (MgO). Specimens (1.2 mm in thickness x 12 mm in diameter) were divided into 3 groups (n = 15): ZTA doped with chromium oxide (ZTA-Cr2O3), ZTA doped with MgO (ZTA-MgO) and ICE-Zirkon (control group). The materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy, and spectrophotometer. Biaxial flexural strength was conducted, and the Weibull modulus (m) and probability of failure were calculated. ZTA-MgO group had a white color, showing the pattern for alumina and zirconia grains in ZTA with a typical composition of the materials. It demonstrated superior BFS (915 ±41 MPa) and higher reliability than the ZTA-Cr2O3. ZTA-MgO proved to be able to produce white ZTA for future use in dentistry.
Articles
Microstructure and Properties of Silicon Carbide and Yttrium Oxide Reinforced Copper Matrix Hybrid Composites (Cu-SiC-Y2O3) Sridhar, M. Melwin Jagadeesh Ravichandran, M. Veerappan, G.

Abstract in English:

Hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) have a higher potential for widespread use in structural engineering and functional device applications because they show better overall mechanical and functional response than their conventional equivalents. Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) reinforced Copper hybrid composites were produced by powder metallurgy (PM) process sequence. Both the reinforcements were included in the wt. % of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5. The homogeneous presence of SiC and Y2O3 particles in copper MMC’s was confirmed by morphology and characterization studies. The blended milled powders were produced in the form of cylindrical billets using a punch and die arrangement, by cold compaction method at 400 MPa pressure, in a hydraulic press. Sintering was carried out at 900°C for 5 hours in a Box furnace. The inclusion of SiC and Y2O3 in the copper matrix composites improved the density, hardness, compressive strength (CS), wear resistance and decreased the corrosion rate (CR).Pin on disc (POD) experiments was conducted to study the wear behavior of the composite samples. The minimum wear rate (WR) 3.31049 x 10-4 mm3/m was obtained for the composite contain 7.5 wt. % of SiC and 7.5 wt. % of Y2O3.
Articles
Influence of Heat Treated Manihot Esculenta Biosilica on Friction Stir Welded AA 6065-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composite and Microstructural, Mechanical, and Fatigue Analysis Natarajan, Gobu Krishnan, Giridharan Seeniappan, Kaliappan Lakshmaiya, Natrayan

Abstract in English:

The present study investigates friction stir welded AA6065-10% Al2O3MMC by incorporating varying percentages of heat treated biosilica. The biosilica is first extracted from waste cassava peel, and it is heated under 1500°C, to get properly arranged crystalline structured biosilica particle. During friction stir welding process, the biosilica particle is dispersed around the welded zone, which in turn impacts load carrying capacity of the material. The study revealed that 3 vol.% of biosilica infused FSW composite ‘C’ shows maximum tensile strength of 276 MPa, yield strength of 238 MPa, impact energy of 20.8 J, elongation of 5.2%, fatigue strength of 176 MPa. Further, the 5 vol.% of biosilica infused FSW composite ‘D’ shows hardness strength of 121 Hv. Additionally, it has been discovered under microstructural analysis that the inclusion of fine-grained heat-treated biosilica exhibits the greatest dispersion of biosilica within the nugget zone, heat affected zone, and thermo mechanically affected zone, which affects the composite's overall strength characteristics. Thus, because of their less dense, better thermo mechanical properties, it could be influenced in areas where joint application, load bearing are needed such as aerospace, heavy industrial, infrastructural, transport and military sector.
Articles
Synthesis and Microstructural Characterization of Lanthanum Doped Cerium Oxide by Solution Combustion Synthesis Scarabelot, Evandro Garske Sousa, Vânia Caldas de Almeida, Luís Alberto Loureiro dos Santos Almeida, Willians Lopes de Egea, José Jurado

Abstract in English:

Materials based on doped ceria are considered promising elements for applications in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Cerium oxide can be classified as a mixed conductor. The type of dopant also greatly influences properties of doped ceria. Hence, studying the type of dopant to be used in the synthesis process is of great importance. Recent studies have shown that the lanthanide or alkaline earth ions are the most commonly dopants used in ceria. In order to obtain nanometric powders, which favor the catalytic effect and are more reactive than other powders, a technique of obtaining powders via solution combustion synthesis (SCS) was selected, and the type of fuel used, and its excess (content) were analyzed. The parameters that were varied in this study were related to the dopant (Ce(1-x) La(x) O(2- δ), where x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) and the type of fuel used (urea or sucrose) The powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the TGA, a significant increase in the remaining mass loss was observed with an increase in the dopant content when both urea and sucrose were used. The SCS method enabled the production of lanthanum oxide doped ceria phase using both fuels. The XRD of the samples obtained using urea as fuel exhibited well-defined, narrow, and intense peaks immediately after synthesis, and this characteristic was maintained after thermal treatment. On the other hand, the use of sucrose as fuel enables the production of the same cristalinity after thermal treatment at 850°C. In addition, these samples had a higher specific surface area and smaller crystallite size compared to those obtained using urea as fuel.
Articles
Development of Empirical Relationships for Prediction of Wear Properties of AA6092/B4C Aluminum Matrix Composites Produced Using Friction Stir Welding Jamaludeen, Umar Mohamed

Abstract in English:

Aluminum Metal matrix composites (AMMCs) have gained significant attention in the automotive and aerospace industries due to their outstanding mechanical properties, combined with their lightweight and fuel-efficient characteristics. AMMCs have also garnered significant attention from researchers due to their potential to minimize the wear of counter face materials. This study investigates the dry sliding wear behavior of aluminum-based hybrid MMCs using an experimental approach. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has emerged as a promising solid-state technique for welding AMMCs. The FSW experiments were designed using a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) with four factors and five levels. Empirical models were developed to predict the influence of FSW process parameters including tool rotational speed (TRS), Welding Speed (WS), Axial Load (AL), and the percentage of Boron Carbide (B4C) reinforcement on key properties such as wear rate and wear resistance of the AMMCs. The developed regression model was developed to minimize the wear rate using response surface methodology (RSM) method and predicted wear rate is found to be 154.21 x 10-5 mm3/m. The maximum percentage errors for predicting optimal Wear Rate, and Wear Resistance (WR) were + 5.39%, and + 2.65%, respectively. The wear resistance of the AMMCs was also improved by following Friction Stir Welding (FSW).
Articles
Water Plasma Treatment Method: Simultaneous Sterilization and Surface Modification of Titanium-Based Implants Likes, Gustavo L. Novak, Rafael L. Franceschini, Vitor C.Y. Surek, Monica Souza, Wesley M. Cardoso, Rodrigo P. Rodrigues, Danieli C. Marino, Cláudia E. B.

Abstract in English:

This study aims the applicability and efficacy of a new DC water plasma method at low temperature, for the sterilization of titanium contaminated samples and its effects on the surface oxide layer and morphological structure. The plasma treatment was carried out at a temperature of 60°C, for a predefined time of 10 minutes. Water vapor was generated from distilled water and polarized at -700 V during plasma-on period. Elemental analysis revealed that Ti surfaces showed a complete absence of organic and inorganic molecules (0% at detected /0.1% sensitivity) and complete bacteria elimination. Additionally, the oxygen content remained around 8% indicating a positive outcome for bioactivity titanium surface due to oxide presence. Initial results support that the water plasma system enables effective elimination of surface microorganisms while enhancing the natural oxide layer make up of titanium using a low temperature and water-based sterilization system that can be envisioned for clinical use.
Articles
Effect of Calcium Addition Timing to Liquid Steel on Inclusion Modification of Steel Heavy Plates Melo, Pedro Henrique Resende Vaz de Silva, Marlon José dos Anjos Dias, Rodrigo Madrona Bielefeldt, Wagner Viana Silva, André Luiz Vasconcellos da Costa e

Abstract in English:

Calcium addition to steels normally aims at modifying inclusions to improve castability and cleanliness. This study investigated the inclusion modification efficiency in liquid steel for three conditions varying injection timing: all Ca after RH degasser, all Ca before RH degasser and split addition. Six industrial heats were produced at Usiminas Steelworks, two for each condition. The heats were sampled for automated SEM/EDS inclusion analysis and total oxygen and the results compared to computational thermodynamics simulations. Inclusion modification was most efficient for the split addition condition. This condition was the closest to the calculated castability window, resulting in low inclusion density, a higher percentage of liquid inclusions during casting and lower CaS formation. Furthermore, computational thermodynamic simulations and inclusion analysis presented good agreement. These findings not only enhance the understanding of calcium treatment in steel production but also provide practical insights for optimizing the calcium addition process.
Articles
Preparation of Negative Poisson's Ratio 316L Stainless Steel Porous Bone Scaffolds Based on Finite Element Analysis and 3D Printing Technology Xu, Shubo Yang, Xue Hu, Xinzhi Ma, Hailong Li, Jianing Ren, Guocheng

Abstract in English:

In this paper, four negative re-entrant hexagonal honeycomb (NRHH) porous scaffolds with different extension angles θ (15°, 30°, 45° and 60°) cell structures were designed and their preparation was accomplished by selective laser melting (SLM) in 3D printing technology so that Negative Poisson Ratio metamaterials could be applied to bone implants to treat bone defects. The effects of structural design on residual stress, surface roughness, and compressive properties of NRHH porous scaffolds were evaluated by finite element analysis and experimental analysis. The results showed that the 15°-NRHH porous scaffold exhibited optimal performance. When the θ angle increased, the scaffold introduced increased residual stresses, increased surface roughness, generated increased deformation, stress, and strain, and decreased compressive performance.
Article
Evaluation of Limonene-Based Compound as Volatile Inhibitor to Protect AISI 1020 Carbon Steel Against Corrosion Pereira, Mariana S. G. Leal, Débora A. Mór, Filipe M. Silva, Bruno C. da Marino, Cláudia E. B.

Abstract in English:

Volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) are used to protect metal objects temporarily, such as during storage and transport. Although widely used, in the last two decades traditional synthetic VCIs have been gradually replaced due to their high toxicity. A viable solution is the use of natural inhibitors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of limonene-based natural VCI to protect AISI 1020 carbon steel against corrosion. The vaporization capacity of VCI was evaluated by the standardized sublimation test; the ability to form a protective barrier was analyzed by testing kraft paper as anticorrosive packaging; and the inhibition mechanisms against carbon steel corrosion were investigated by electrochemical methods of open circuit potential (OCP) measurement, potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). According to the sublimation test, limonene-based VCI provided effective protection to the carbon steel at a concentration of 1.5 g/L. The kraft paper test confirmed the efficiency of the temporary use (4 days) of the natural VCI in packaging, without residue deposition. Furthermore, through electrochemical measurements, we found that limonene-based VCI provided an inhibition efficiency of 99% to AISI 1020 carbon steel in a 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution, thus identifying a potential alternative to toxic synthetic VCIs.
Article
Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Structure: An Analysis of Corn Starch Acetylation Freitas, Roberta Ranielle Matos de Carmo, Karina Palmizani do Pádua, Franciane Andrade de Botaro, Vagner Roberto

Abstract in English:

This study investigated the kinetics and thermodynamics of starch acetylation and examined the influence of the degree of substitution (DS) on the properties of acetylated starches. Starch acetylation kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, reaching a degree of substitution of 2.62 after 50 minutes. Negative enthalpy and entropy values revealed a non-spontaneous reaction requiring catalysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed acetylation through the appearance of a carbonyl band and the reduction of the glycosidic bond peak. Increasing degree of substitution caused granule breakage, agglutination, and reduced crystallinity, as evidenced by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis demonstrated that these structural changes reduced the glass transition in high degrees of substitution (DS 2.62) and enhanced thermal stability and viscoelastic properties due to the loss of crystallinity. Understanding these processes facilitates the industrial optimization of starch acetylation, resulting in modified starches with improved properties for diverse applications.
Article
Numerical Modeling and Optimization of Mechanical Properties in Porous Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with SiC Particles Mansouri, K. Touati, S. Boumediri, H. Djebaili, H. Chitour, M. Zemmouri, A. Khadraoui, F. Berkia, A.

Abstract in English:

This study investigates the impact of porosity on the mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles, focusing on the optimization of volume fraction and porosity to enhance tensile strength. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the effects of varying volume fractions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) and porosity levels (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on Von Mises stresses were systematically analyzed. The results demonstrated that as porosity increased, Von Mises stress also increased, while higher volume fractions contributed to better stress distribution and enhanced mechanical properties. Optimization analysis identified the optimal parameters as a volume fraction of 25%, porosity level of 1.01%, particle size of 30.083 µm, and pore diameter of 9.020 µm, achieving a desirability score of 0.895 and a Von Mises stress of 9.06E-08 N/µm2. The ANOVA results confirmed the statistical significance of these parameters, with a P-value threshold of <0.05. These insights are crucial for understanding how to optimize porosity and reinforcement in composite materials, providing valuable guidance for applications in the aerospace and automotive industries, where lightweight and high-strength materials are vital.
Articles
Uncertainty Quantification in Masses of Alloy Components and Atomic Radii Modification in High-Entropy Alloys Design: Thermophysical Parameters Calculation Approach Nonato, Raphael Basilio Pires Restivo, Thomaz Augusto Guisard Machado Junior, José Carlos

Abstract in English:

Given the vast universe of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), solid solution formation (SSF) prediction is increasingly relevant. The processing route leads to uncertainty in the mass of each alloy component, affecting SSF. Furthermore, investigations led to atomic radius modification under interaction with neighboring atoms, also influencing SSF. Therefore, this paper presents an uncertainty quantification framework implemented over the thermophysical parameters calculation (TPC) approach to verify the behavior of the SSF parameters as the mass of the alloy components vary and the atomic radii are modified. The AlCrFeMoNbTaTiVW alloy was subjected to this framework, being the tungsten mass the most influential, and tantalum the less influential overall. Moreover, the atomic radii modification does not work properly under TPC theory, implying in non-SSF prediction even when a solid solution is formed. Thenceforth, equimolar HEAs are now near-equimolar, and the SSF parameters may indicate that some samples of the same alloy batch may result in SSF, others not.
Articles
Active Metal Soldering and Characterization of Soldered Joints in Cu Base Plate to Aluminum-Graphite Composites Tsao, L. C. Fang, Yao-Ching Wu, Ming-Wei

Abstract in English:

Heat dissipation materials with high thermal conductivity (TC) can meet the high demand for improving heat dissipation in high-power IGBT modules. The current study focused on soldering Al-graphite composites (Al-Gr) with a copper (Cu) base plate using an active type Sn-Ag-Ti (SAT) solder. Ultrasonic active soldering (UAS) was performed in air at 250 °C for 30 sec. The relative spreadability rates of the direct UAS process versus conventional soldering were + 276.6% for SAT/Cu and +186.1% for SAT/Al-Gr. After direct UAS, a Cu6Sn5 layer formed at the active solder/Cu interface and Al dissolved into the active solder zone, thus forming a ternary coarse Al-Ag-Sn solid solution in the active solder region. In addition, submicron particles (e.g., Al-Ag-Sn and Ag3Sn) adsorbed on the surface of active solder/Gr interface. The calculated Gibbs free energy results indicated that both solute Ti and Ti-Sn compounds could react with C to form TiC compounds, and TiC reacted with Ti-Sn compounds to form the Ti2SnC phase, which was accelerated with the direct UAS process. The shear strengths were measured to be 31.0 ± 4.1MPa for Cu/SAT/Cu joints, 14.3 ± 3.2 MPa for Al-Gr/SAT/Cu joints, and 12.8 ± 3.8 MPa for Al-Gr/SAT/Al-Gr joints, respectively.
Articles
Reveling the Structural, Electric, and High-Frequency Dielectric Properties of Residue Doped-CaWO4 Flexible Multilayer Ceramic Sheets Siqueira, N. L. C. Alves, H. P. Chibério, P. H. Silva, A. L. Acchar, W. Bohn, F. Correa, M. A.

Abstract in English:

The mineralization process to reach Tungsten (W) involves several steps to reduce the impurities (residues), which makes the process more expensive. However, it is possible to explore the pure scheelite (CaWO4) and residue doped-CaWO4 on flexible sheets using the Tape Casting technique. In particular, the high frequency dielectric properties of flexible multilayers have an increased appeal in the electronics industry. In this study, we present a systematic investigation of structural, morphological, electrical and high-frequency dielectric properties of flexible ceramics sheet multilayers composed of pure CaWO4 and residue-doped CaWO4. Our findings demonstrate that the dielectric constant has a small dependence on the residue amount, but a remarkable modification in the dielectric constant as the number of layers increases. Here we achieved a 34% increase in the dielectric constant for pure CaWO4 flexible ceramic sheets when the number of layers increased from 1 to 3.
Articles
Microstructural Characterization, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Evaluation of Multicomponent MoNbNiTiZr Alloy Oliveira, Thiago Gonçalves de Vilas Boas, Sebastião Bruno Serrano, Leandro Bernardes Viana, Daniel Bragança Soares, Daniel Crístian Ferreira Santos, Grazielle Aparecida dos Sachs, Daniela Silva, Antonio Augusto Araujo Pinto da

Abstract in English:

Traditional biomaterials like CoCrMo, Ti, and stainless-steel face challenges due to their instability in biological settings. As an alternative, exploring multicomponent alloys is viewed as a viable path for bettering both mechanical performance and biocompatibility. Our research explores the potentiality of the MoNbNiTiZr based alloy for biomedical applications. The microstructural characterization was realized using X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS). We also conducted Vickers microhardness tests and assessed it’s in vitro biocompatibility and antibacterial action against S. aureus and S. aureus HU25 strains relative to cp-Ti. Our observations denote that this alloy showcases a triphasic structure, consisting of dendritic and interdendritic zones with BCC, HCP, and Laves formations. A microhardness of is approximately 576.5 HV align with values for comparable multicomponent alloys in the biomedical field. Pertaining to its antibacterial efficiency and in vitro compatibility, this alloy manifests commendable antibacterial performance and relevant compatibility in comparison with cp-Ti.
Articles
Influence of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a Seamless Pipe of an ASTM A335 Gr P91 Steel Bento, Emerson André Pinto Torres, Edwar Andrés Chemin, Aline Emanuelle Albuquerque Maciel, Carla Isabel Dos Santos Caselatto, Alexandre Lourenção Ruchert, Cassius Olívio Figueiredo Terra Avila, Julian Arnaldo

Abstract in English:

This study investigates the effects of different post-weld heat treatments (PWHT) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of ASTM 335 Gr P91 martensitic steel, commonly used in boiler applications. Mechanical tests were conducted at room temperature, 300°C, and 600°C. Two PWHT conditions were applied: (i) PWHT-1, involving a 300°C isothermal treatment followed by heating to 770°C, and (ii) PWHT-2, following the same profile but without cooling to room temperature after the initial isothermal step. The resulting microstructure exhibited martensitic features, with a gradient of prior austenite grain boundaries in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and δ-ferrite formation in the fusion zone (FZ), reducing toughness. Ultimate tensile strength decreased with increasing temperature, ranging from 675–750 MPa (RT), 525–615 MPa (300°C), and 375–440 MPa (600°C). Elongation was highest at 600°C (BM: 25–30%, FZ: 8–20%), decreasing at room temperature (BM: 20–25%, FZ: 2–12%). Toughness tests showed crack propagation across BM, HAZ, and FZ, with the lowest energy absorption in FZ (0.05–0.4 mm, 12–50 J). At 600°C, toughness decreased in BM and HAZ but increased in FZ, suggesting a change in deformation mechanisms at elevated temperatures.
Articles
Fabrication, Characterization and Cell Adhesion of a Cu-doped Microarc Oxidation Film on a Titanium Surface Luo, Rui Wang, Bo Lu, Kaihang Zhang, Pengpeng Li, Yankun Liao, Jian

Abstract in English:

Compared with other metal implant materials, titanium has become the preferred material for hard tissue substitutes and restorations. However, titanium implants are bioinert and cannot effectively promote adhesion or proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) after implantation in vivo. In this study, a microporous Cu-doped titanium dioxide (Cu-TiO2) film was prepared on a titanium surface via microarc oxidation. This film not only has a good porous surface morphology, with Cu distributed on the surface of the film, but also improves the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of titanium. In vitro cell experiments revealed that the Cu-TiO2 film has good biocompatibility and bioactivity and enables adhesion and growth of BMSCs. In addition, the Cu-TiO2 film can promote the expression of integrin β1 in BMSCs. This study enhances our understanding of the interactions between titanium implants and cells and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Cu-TiO2 films.
Articles
Torsional Fatigue of Ti15Mo Titanium Alloy Hermes, Wagner Pedro Haskel, Tatiane Plaine, Athos Henrique Barbieri, Renato

Abstract in English:

This study investigates the torsional fatigue behavior of Ti-15Mo alloy through comprehensive analyses of its mechanical properties, microstructure, fatigue stress-life curves, and fracture surfaces, providing valuable insights into its fatigue characteristics. The hot-forged and air-cooled Ti15Mo alloy exhibited a microstructure predominantly consisting of equiaxial β phase grains, deformation twins, and ω athermal phase. Mechanical testing revealed a microhardness of 347.4 HV, yield and ultimate tensile strengths of 873 MPa, elongation of 20.7%, Young's modulus of 83.7 GPa, ultimate shear strength of 673 MPa, shear modulus of 30.5 GPa, and a fatigue strength limit of 190.2 MPa, as estimated by Basquin's model at 5 x 106 cycles. Fracture analysis indicated that crack nucleation predominantly occurred on the surface under pure torsion loading. In high-cycle fatigue (HCF) tests, cracks propagated at approximately 45° (Mode I), while in low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests, propagation occurred at around 90° (Mode III). Fracture profiles also revealed significant number of deformation twins and instances of intragranular fracture near the fracture surface.
Articles
Densification and Resistance of Ta2O5 and ZnO Co-doped SnO2 Ceramic Targets for Low-cost TCO Films of Solar Cells Jian, Ning Xu, Jiwen Zhu, Guisheng Shang, Fei Xu, Huarui

Abstract in English:

SnO2-based TCO films can decrease the cost of solar cells, but its corresponding ceramic targets are difficult to sintering densification. Therefore, Ta2O5 and ZnO are used to enhance the density and conductivity of targets. The targets have rutile phase structure, dense microstructure and fine grains. The 0.85 wt% ZnO and 3 wt% Ta2O5 doped target sintered at 1500 °C achieve high relative density (>99%) and low resistance (< 50 Ω). The as-designed targets contribute to depositing SnO2-based TCO films by magnetron sputtering.
Articles
Effects of Adding Silver Oxide Nanoparticles to Anodized Titanium Surfaces Reidel, Renan Eduardo Kunst, Sandra Raquel Soares, Luana Góes Morisso, Fernando Dal Ponte Ziulkoski, Ana Luisa Schneider, Eduardo Luís Oliveira, Claudia Trindade

Abstract in English:

The present study aimed to analyze the effects of the anodization process and addition of silver nanoparticles by sealing process on corrosion resistance and biofilm formation in titanium. For this purpose, CP grade 2 titanium samples were pickled and anodized in Psidium Guajava-based electrolyte, in galvanostatic mode with the application of 0.1 mA/cm2 for 300 s. For the incorporation of silver nanoparticles, the sealing process was used. The sealing of the anodized samples was performed in sodium carbonate solution without and with the addition of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM AgNO3, for 30 minutes at a temperature of 75 ºC. The samples were characterized regarding their morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), corrosion resistance by potentiodynamic polarization, and bactericidal action by optical density microtiteration. The anodizing process resulted in the formation of an oxide layer (TiO2), with greater surface roughness and better anticorrosive performance, compared to pure titanium. The sealing process proved to be effective for incorporating silver into the anodized titanium surface, at all concentrations evaluated, inhibiting the proliferation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, favoring the bactericidal effect.
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RETRACTION: Application of ANFIS for analytical modeling of tensile strength of functionally graded steels
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RETRACTION: Prediction total specific pore volume of geopolymers produced from waste ashes by fuzzy logic
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