Abstract in English:

Abstract Submandibular salivary gland inflammation has been suggested as one of the mechanisms underlying impaired salivary secretion associated with sleep deprivation (SD). However, whether the salivary inflammatory response occurs to the same extent in paradoxical sleep deprivation with or without sleep recovery remains unknown. Objective: This study evaluated the extent to which inflammation influences salivary impairments associated with paradoxical sleep deprivation with or without sleep recovery. Methodology: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups as control, partial SD (PSD) with sleep recovery for four hours a day and total SD (TSD). Paradoxical SD was carried out for seven days in the SD groups, after which saliva, blood, and submandibular gland samples were taken. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitrite were determined in saliva, serum, and the submandibular salivary gland. Leucocyte count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio were determined in all groups. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey's post hoc tests were used for data analysis. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and nitrite in the submandibular salivary glands were significantly higher in the TSD groups (p=0.04,p<0.001, p=0.03, respectively) than in the control. Saliva level of TNF-α was higher in the PSD and TSD groups (p=0.003 and p=0.01 respectively) than in the control. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in both PSD and TSD groups than in the control (p<0.01 for both). Conclusion: While total SD produced higher inflammatory response in the submandibular salivary gland, four-hour sleep recovery ameliorated this impact. This finding suggests that sleep recovery is crucial to improve inflammatory salivary gland dysfunction induced by sleep deprivation.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Objectives: Depth of invasion (DOI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) guides treatment and prognosis but lacks three-dimensional (3D) insight. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of Lugol's iodine-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CT) for the 3D measurement of DOI in OSCC samples. Methodology: In total, 50 in vitro OSCC samples from Nanjing Stomatological Hospital (July 2022 to January 2024) were subjected to micro-CT imaging with a slice thickness of 50 μm following 3% Lugol iodine staining for 12 h, followed by pathological examination and staining. The panoramic diagnostic scanner digitally measured pathological DOI. The micro-CT DOI was measured by evaluating the voxel value of the boundary of the tumor lesion and comparing it with the pathological examination results. Experienced physicians analyzed both measurements, and statistical analyses were performed to determine their correlation. Results: Lugol iodine-enhanced micro-CT imaging distinguishes various tissue structures, such as tumor tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, blood vessel structure, and other major tissue structures in 3D space. This imaging technique found and localized micro-tumor lesions (1.82×1.5×1 mm3) when in conjunction with pathological sections. Statistical analysis indicated a strong correlation between pathological DOI and micro-CT DOI (P<.001; r=0.986). During DOI measurement, Lugol iodine-enhanced micro-CT imaging effectively compensated for the loss of 3D space information in the pathological measurements, improving the accuracy of the DOI measurement. Conclusions: Lugol iodine-enhanced micro-CT improves OSCC DOI 3D measurements, enhances pathological staging accuracy, and aids treatment decisions and prognosis.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an alternative treatment for craniofacial bone defects reconstruction through membrane barrier adaptation, such as demineralized dentin material membrane (DDMM). DDMM is used as a substitute for GBR material, which aligns with Green Economy principles, it has a good biological osteoinductive and osteoconductive effects, and its structure resembles bones. The balance of bone remodeling when experiencing craniofacial defects will be altered and allow changes to resorption activity, so the mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption are vital. Objective: this article aims to analyze the expression of TNF-α, RANKL, and osteoclast cells count after application of DDMM as GBR in mandibular bone defects. Methodology: this is an experimental study with a post-test only control group design, which began with the randomization of 120 rats into five groups: K(−), without membrane implantation; K(+), PPCM; P1, DDMM; P2, DDMM + bone graft; P3, PPCM + bone graft. The expression of TNF-α, RANKL, and osteoclast cells count were observed, followed by analysis using a one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD comparison test. Results: there were significant differences in the expression of TNF-α, RANKL, and osteoclast cells count in all study groups (p=0.000). TNF-α showed a decreasing difference with the highest expression in the K(−) group on day 3 of 12.00±2.16. RANKL expression increased on day 14 and decreased on day 21 in all groups. The osteoclast cells count generally showed a critical period with the highest increase in the K(−) group on day 14 of 73.00±0.00. Conclusion: DDMM has the potential to be a superior membrane substitute compared to PPCM as GBR in alternative treatment for craniofacial bone defects reconstruction.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Aim To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of ozonated sunflower oil (Oz) as an adjunctive of non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), on fibroblast cell viability and migration and the effectiveness of Oz on a Candida albicans (C. albicans) culture. Methodology In total, 32 sites in 16 DM2 with moderate to advanced periodontal disease with periodontal pocket depths ≥5mm were selected. The treatments were divided into two groups: control, saline solution (SS) as an adjunctive of scaling and root planing (SRP+SS), and test, Oz as an adjunctive of SRP (SRP+Oz). Hematological [fasting glucose level (FGL) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)] and microbiological samples were collected from the participants at baseline and three months after periodontal treatment and the microbiological samples were analyzed by PCR. C. albicans was previously tested by the agar diffusion test. The effect of Oz was tested on cell viability and fibroblast migration. Results The groups showed no statistically significant differences (paired t-test-p>0.05) regarding hematological parameters, FGL (median - baseline 171.41, 3 months 164mg/dL), and HbA1c (baseline 8%, 3 months 7.5%) (Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Nonparametric-p>0.05) after periodontal therapy. The groups showed statistical differences for periodontal parameters between baseline and three months (paired t-test-p<0.05). PCR analysis showed a reduction in the percentage of C. albicans in the SRP+Oz group after three months (McNemar’s test-p=0.002). Cell viability was lower in the high glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (4500 mg/L) than in low glucose (1000 mg/L) (RM-ANOVA-p<0.0001). The wound healing test showed reduced fibroblast migration (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test-p<0.01). Oz showed high C. albicans antifungal inhibition (Kruskal-Wallis test-p=0.0001). Conclusions SRP+Oz effectively reduced C. albicans in-vitro and in-vivo but showed no clinical improvements compared to the control. Cell viability and wound healing of fibroblasts showed no improvements.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Objective This study evaluated whether hypoglycemic drug metformin enhances the anti-cancer effects of cisplatin in YD-9 cells. Methodology YD-9 cells, derived from oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa, were used to assess the combined effects of metformin and cisplatin by means of MTT assay, live and dead cell staining, and colony formation assays to evaluate cell viability and proliferation. Reactive oxygen species level was measured using a Muse cell analyzer. Apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and related molecular pathways were analyzed by western blot. Wound healing assays and Transwell migration assays examined cell migration, whereas monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor Compound C, was utilized to investigate the AMPK pathway. Results Sequential treatment of YD-9 cells with metformin and cisplatin resulted in decreased cell viability and proliferation, increased ROS levels, and elevated apoptosis compared with the individual drugs. Moreover, the treatment inhibited EMT, wound healing, and cell migration. These results correlated with increased AMPK phosphorylation, a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Introduction of Compound C pre-treatment upregulated N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin along with enhanced cell migration. Conclusion This study found synergism in anti-cancer effects between metformin and cisplatin. Additionally, introduction of Compound C confirmed that EMT inhibition is AMPK dependent. These findings indicate the potential use of metformin as an adjunct drug in anti-cancer treatments, warranting further investigation.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Ionizing radiation directly affects hard dental tissues, compromising the dental structure, which results in damage to dentin collagen fibers and impacts the integrity of the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ). Objective To evaluate the effects of radiotherapy on the chemical composition and mechanical properties of human cervical dentin. Methodology Ten third molars were divided into control/non-irradiated and irradiated groups (n=5). The irradiated teeth were subjected to in vitro radiotherapy with the following protocol: 1.8 Gy daily, five days per week for eight weeks, totaling 72 Gy. The dentin in the cervical region was evaluated for each group. The chemical composition was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, focusing on the mineral/matrix ratio (M:M), carbonate/mineral ratio (C:M), and amide I/amide III ratio. Amide I/CH2 ratio was used to assess collagen quality, as amide I reflects protein conformation and hydrogen bonding, while CH2 indicates side-chain vibrations with low sensitivity to molecular orientation. Nanohardness and elastic modulus were evaluated by instrumented indentation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the enamel’s morphology. Statistical analysis of each parameter was performed using a t-test. Results The FTIR analysis showed statistically significant differences in the C:M ratio (p=0.004) and amide I/amide III ratio (p=0.007). Raman spectroscopy revealed significant differences in the M:M ratio (p<0.001), as well as in the amide I/amide III (p<0.001) and amide I/CH2 ratios (p<0.001). Additionally, nanohardness (p=0.04) and the elastic modulus (p=0.003) showed statistically significant differences. SEM images revealed sound dentin shows normal tissue organization, whereas irradiated dentin showed no clear limit between peri and intertubular dentin. Conclusions Radiotherapy induced significant changes in dentin composition and mechanical properties, characterized by increased organic content and phosphate levels, reduced carbonate, and decreased nanohardness and elastic modulus. These findings highlight the adverse effects on dentin's structural integrity.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P) and tooth agenesis (TA), as well as the association of both conditions with polymorphisms in genes encoding growth factors. Methodology This cross-sectional study included children with NSCL±P and a control group of children without NSCL±P. Permanent teeth TA (excluding third molars) was evaluated using panoramic radiographs by a trained examiner. Only TA located outside the cleft was considered in the NSCL±P group. Genetic polymorphisms in Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFB1)–rs1800470 and rs4803455–Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2 (TGFBR2)–rs3087465 and rs764522–Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)–rs4444903 and rs2237051–and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)–rs2227983– were genotyped by real-time PCR allele discrimination from buccal cell samples. Associations were tested by uni and multivariable Poisson regression models (5% significance level). Results A total of 243 children–127 with NSCL±P (mean age = 8.80±2.14 years) and 116 without NSCL±P (mean age = 8.58±2.03 years) were included. TA was more frequent in the NSCL±P group (23.8%) than in the control group (6.2%) (p<0.01). The EGF rs2237051 was significantly associated with NSCL±P, independently of the other variables (PRa=1.41; p=0.042). Regarding TA, only the cleft presence was associated with a higher prevalence of TA regardless of different variables (PRa=3.70; p=0.001). There was no association between TA and the investigated genetic polymorphisms. When TA and NSCL±P were considered together, a borderline association was observed with rs1800470 in TGFB1 (p=0.06). Conclusion NSCL±P is associated with TA outside the cleft area. The EGF rs2237051 was associated with NSCL±P. Polymorphisms in genes encoding growth factors are not associated with TA.

Abstract in English:

This article is derived from Irisvaldo Lima Guedes's Master's dissertation and is available at the address: https://sigaa.ufpi.br/sigaa/public/programa/noticias_desc.jsf?lc=pt_BR&id=370¬icia=519307121

Abstract in English:

Abstract Inflammation, oxidative damage, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion play a role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin (CIS)-induced oral mucositis. Objective: The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of ATP against potential oral mucositis development in cisplatin-treated rats. Methodology All rats were randomly assigned to four groups, namely healthy control group (HG), ATP group (ATPG), Cisplatin group (CISG), and ATP + Cisplatin group (ATCS). Firstly, ATP 4 mg/kg was administered via intraperitoneal injection (IP) to both ATPG and ATCS groups. The same volume of normal saline was injected into HG and CISG groups. After 1 h, cisplatin 5 mg/kg was administered via IP to CISG and ATCS groups. The drugs were taken 1x1 for 7 d. Later, tongue tissues were collected from all groups. Biochemical, macroscopic, and histopathological examinations were performed on all tissues. Results: ATP inhibited cisplatin-induced oxidative damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in tongue tissue. In the CIS group, a significant number of distinct sulcus formations were found in the apex and corpus, as well as a few ulcer foci in the corpus, significant papilla loss, and bleeding. Meanwhile, in the ATP group, a similar appearance to healthy tissue was observed. Histopathologically, it was determined that in cisplatin-aggravated tongue tissue damage, filiform papillae decreased when ATP was administered, and the arrangement and structures of the epithelium, blood capillaries, muscle groups, and adipose cell groups were normal. Conclusions: Oral mucositis caused by cisplatin is alleviated by ATP. These findings may be useful for developing new therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat mucositis, a side effect so severe that can lead to treatment discontinuation.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Introduction: According to the latest international consensus in 2018, sleep bruxism is the activity of the masticatory muscles during sleep characterized by rhythmic or non-rhythmic teeth clenching or grinding. Regarding its harmful effects, bruxism is considered one of the predisposing factors of tooth wear and temporomandibular joint diseases. Occlusal splint therapy is the most frequently used treatment for minimizing these harmful effects. Objectives: This study compared the volumetric wear loss and pain scores between digitally and conventionally manufactured occlusal splints for individuals with sleep bruxism. Methodology: A total of 30 individuals diagnosed with sleep bruxism were selected following the inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two groups. Pain scores were subjectively reported using a visual analog scale. Volumetric wear loss of the occlusal splint surface was measured using the Geomagic software. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 25.0. Results: At the six-month follow-up, conventionally manufactured splints (103.53±41.23) showed a volumetric loss significantly higher than that the digital ones (62.33±26.29) (p=0.005). We found no significant difference between the two splint types regarding VAS scores. Conclusion: Occlusal splint wear can gradually alter the balance of occlusal contact and potentially reduce its therapeutic effectiveness, highlighting the importance of using wear-resistant materials. Our findings indicate that digital manufacturing processes provide advantages due to their long-term clinical outcomes.