einstein (São Paulo) is an Open Access, peer-reviewed journal publishing exceptional work that advances our understanding of medicine and health-based research across several specialties and disciplines. This cross disciplinary approach to health research dissemination is a critical part of making basic, translational and clinical research findings available to the community. einstein (São Paulo) is the official scientific publication of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, and due to this sponsorship, there are no fees or article processing charges to the authors.

We are a general medical journal that publishes outstanding research in the areas outlined below, as well as others:

• Basic and Translational Research
• Clinical Medicine
• Surgery
• OB/GYN
• Pediatrics
• Primary Care/Family Health
• Multi-professional
• Health Economics & Management
• Data Sciences, eHealth, and Health Engineering

einstein (São Paulo) publishes material under the categories of Original Article, Health Economics and Management, Case Report, Review, Learning by Images, Letters to the Editor, and Special Articles (see Instructions for Authors).

The journal’s electronic format, e-ISSN 2317-6385, operates under a continuous publication model.

• Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS
• MEDLINE

All content of the journal, except where identified, is licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-type BY.

Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein SBIBAE

Editor-in-Chief

• Dr. Kenneth Gollob - Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Scientific Editor

• Jacyr Pasternak - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Managing Editor

• Edna Terezinha Rother - Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Editor Emeritus

• Dr. Sidney Glina - Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil

Basic Research

• Bianca Bianco – Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
• Luciana Cavalheiro Marti - Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Walderez Ornelas Dutra - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
• Helder Takasgi Imoto Nakaya - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Clinical Medicine

• Clarisse Martins Machado – Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Marcos de Lima – The Ohio State University – Columbus, OH, USA.
• Érika Bevilaqua Rangel – Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Luis Fernando Aranha Camargo - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Clinical Surgery

• Andy Petroianu – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
• Sérgio Eduardo Alonso Araujo – Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Ricardo Sales dos Santos – Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Gynecology and Obstetrics

• Sérgio Podgaec - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Health Economics and Management

• Paola Zucchi – Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Multiprofessional Health Care

• Dennys Esper Corrêa Cintra – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
• Eduarda Ribeiro dos Santos – Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Oncology

• Rafael Aliosha Kaliks – Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Ortophedics

• Mario Lenza - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Pediatrics

• Celso Moura Rebello - Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

National Editorial Board

• Ana Maria Malik – Fundação Getúlio Vargas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista de Oliveira – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
• Cláudia Regina Furquim de Andrade – Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Daniel Herchenhorn – Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
• Dora Selma Fix Ventura – Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Eduardo Juan Troster – Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Erney Felicio Plessmann de Camargo – Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Helena Bonciani Nader – Instituto de Farmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• José Eduardo Aguilar Siqueira do Nascimento – Centro Universitário de Várzea Grande, Várzea Grande, MT, Brazil.
• Lewis Joel Greene – Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
• Luis Roberto Medina dos Santos – Centro de Pesquisas Oncológicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
• Manoel Barral-Neto – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
• Marcelo Afonso Vallim – Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Marco Akerman – Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Maria Aparecida da Silva Pinhal – Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Mauro Waldemar Keiserman – Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
• Nelson Augusto Rosário Filho – Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
• Oddone Braghiroli Neto – Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
• Osvaldo Malafaia – Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná, Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
• Pedro Celiny Ramos Garcia – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
• Pedro Puech Leão – Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Ricardo Nitrini – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Roger Chammas – Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Romeu Krause – Instituto de Traumatologia e Ortopedia Romeu Krause Ltda., Recife, PE, Brazil.
• Sheyla Maria Lemos Lima – Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
• Tarcisio Eloy Pessoa de Barros Filho – Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Valter Duro Garcia – Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

International Editorial Board

• Adelaide Arruda – Olson – Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
• Amin Alousi – MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
• Daniel De Backer – Department of intensive Care, CHIREC Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
• Jon A. Vanderhoof – Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• Jorge Cortes – MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
• Noga Or-Geva, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• Patricia Cintra Franco Schram – Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• Rachelle Buchbinder – Cabrini Institute, Malvern, Victoria, Australia; Monash University and Cabrini Health, Australian.
• René Javier Sotelo Noguera – University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Final review

• Edna Terezinha Rother
• Francislaine Soriani
• Janaina Freire Antunes
• Juliana Reisa Almeida Machado
• Renan de Marins Venturini
• E-mail: revista@einstein.br

Internship

• Thiago Gebrin Garcia – Medical student
  Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
  e-mail: revista@einstein.br

Typesetting

• Rudolf Serviços Gráficos
  E-mail: atendimento_rudolf@terra.com.br

Translation

• Suzana Gontijo 
  E-mail: suzanaga@terra.com.br
• José Belém de Oliveira Neto
  E-mail: jose.bneto@einstein.br

The journal accepts original contributions in English only. After approval by the editors, all articles are referred to peer-review by at least two reviewers, who will remain anonymous throughout the entire review process. Reviewers’ comments are sent to authors, so that they may revise their manuscript or give reasons for not altering it. After making corrections suggested by reviewers, the reviewed version of the article should be submitted to the einstein (São Paulo) through the journal’s submission system. Articles are published only after the final acceptance by reviewers and editors.

Authors are solely responsible for the concepts provided in articles. The content of einstein (São Paulo) is licensed by Creative Commons (CC BY) International attribution 4.0.

The journal uses Turnitin plagiarism detection software to check the originality of articles. The cases of misconduct in publication will be assessed based on the criteria and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

All contributions should follow the requirements below, which are based on the format proposed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), published in the article Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals, available at http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/manuscript-preparation.

The journal einstein (São Paulo) has the following sections: Original Article, Health Economics and Management, Case Report, Reviews, Learning by Images, Letters to the Editor, and Special Articles.

The journal also publishes a subsection of Thematic Reviews and Original Articles.

Original Article - Original Articles report results of scientific research relevant to medicine and health, including clinical, translational and basic research. The article must be original and unpublished and contain the following items: 1) Structured Abstract (Objective, Methods, Results, Conclusion), 2) Introduction, 3) Methods, 4) Results, 5) Discussion, 6) Conclusion, and 7) References. Original Articles should not exceed 4,500 words, 250-word Abstract, up to 7 figures/tables and 50 references. All articles are peer-reviewed.

Health Economics and Management - Articles designed to report knowledge expressing concepts that reflect on effective practices in health management, administration and economics. The following items must be included: 1) Structured Abstract (Objective, Methods, Results, Conclusion), 2) Introduction, 3) Methods, 4) Results, 5) Discussion, 6) Conclusion, and 7) References. They should not exceed 4,500 words, 250-word Abstract, up to 7 figures/tables and 50 references. All articles are peer-reviewed.

Case Report - Case reports of a certain medical condition, particularly rare situations with relevant data to the reader, describing features, history, management of the case, etc., including a brief literature review, and relevant discussion. They should not exceed 1,000 words, 250-word Abstract, up to 2 figures/tables and 10 references.

Review - Reviews will cover relevant topics in medicine, health and health economics. Reviews can be in the form of Systematic Reviews which present a synthesis of previous research, and use defined methods to identify, categorize, analyze and report on a specific topic. Reviews can also be in the form of Review Articles which are expected to bring new insights and perspectives to highlight key areas, or cover fields that are poorly understood. Often, reviews will be prepared by authorities in the subject area of the review. Simple reviews of the literature will typically not meet these requirements. Review Articles can be in the form of mini-reviews offering concise reviews on a focused topic of up to 2,000 words and 30 references or larger reviews covering a subject in more depth and up to 4,500 words, up to 4 tables/figures, 250-word Abstract, and up to 100 references. Reviews may be solicited by the editors, but prospective authors can also send a presubmission e-mail query to the journal explaining why the topic is important and relevant to the readership. All reviews will be peer-reviewed.

Learning by Images - A typical pathognomonic image – ultrasound, computed tomography, X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, photograph of surgery, microscopy or clinical sign – followed by an explanatory text. They should not exceed 300 words and 10 references.

Letters to the Editor - Letters to the Editor can share important insights on topics relevant to medicine and health research, comment on or discuss papers published in the journal, or report ongoing original research, scientific findings, etc. They should not exceed 150 words and 5 references. Letters to the Editor will not go through peer-review and they will be published after evaluation by the Editor and relevant members of the Editorial Board.

Special Articles - This section includes topics with scientific relevance that fall outside of the categories above, and can include consensus reports, recommendations or guidelines. They should not exceed 3,000 words and 40 references.

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

The authors must submit the articles containing:

• Text typed in double-spaced 12 point Arial font, 2.5cm margin on each side, highlighting each section of the article.
• Permission for reproduction of material and transfer of copyright form (available in the electronic submission system).
• Authors’ statement that the manuscript is not under consideration, and will not be submitted to publication, in another journal (available in the electronic submission system).
• Studies performed that require animal or human subjects ethical committee approval must include in the methods section the appropriate ethical committee approval number. For example, human subject studies performed in Brazil must include the CAAE number.
• Conflict of interest disclosure statement from each author

Title: title of the article, in English, which should be concise but informative.

Abstract: abstract, in English, limited to 250 words. For original articles, abstracts should be structured (Objective, Methods, Results, Conclusion), describes the main parts of the work and highlights the most relevant data. For articles of other sections, the abstract should not be structured.

Keywords: provide at least 5 and no more than 10 keywords, in English reflecting the content of the paper. Keywords must be based on the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) of the National Library of Medicine, and available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/.

Registry in Clinical Trials Database: indicate, for Clinical Trials, the registry number in the clinical trials database (https://clinicaltrials.gov).*

Important note: in support of the policies on registry of clinical trials of the World Health Organization (WHO) and ICMJE, the journal einstein (São Paulo) understands the relevance of these initiatives for registration and international dissemination of information on clinical studies.  The journal only accepts for publication the clinical research articles that have received an identification number in one of the Clinical Trials Registries validated by the criteria established by the WHO and the ICMJE, available at https://clinicaltrials.gov or at the website PubMed, in the item <clinicaltrials.gov>. The identification number should be shown at the end of the abstract.

Text: text must comply with the structure required for each category of article. Citations of authors in the text must be numbered sequentially, by superscript Arabic numerals in parentheses. The complete definition of abbreviations and acronyms should written before their first use in the text. Do not use abbreviations or acronyms in title and abstract. In table and figure legends, the abbreviations must be followed by the full term.

Acknowledgements: this describes collaboration by individuals that deserve acknowledging but do not qualify for authorship. This section should also be used to provide information about financial and/or technical support, etc.

References: they must be numbered consecutively in the same order they appear in the text, and identified by Arabic numerals. References follow the “Vancouver Style”, and the titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style presented by the List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus, of the National Library of Medicine, available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals. For any references, mention up to six authors. In case of more than six authors, mention the first six, followed by et al., as shown in the following by et al.

Tables: all tables (≤ 4 tables) should contain the title and heading for columns and must be mentioned in the text. They should be numbered sequentially by Arabic numerals, in the order they appear in the text. Table footnotes should have a definition for abbreviations and statistical tests used.

Figures: any figure (images, graphs, photographs and illustrations) should be mentioned in the text and submitted in greater than or equal to intended display size. The journal accepts no more than four figures per article. They should be numbered sequentially by Arabic numerals, in the order they appear in the text. If the figures have already been published, a written permission for reproduction must be provided by the author/editor, and legends should include the source of publication. When saved in digital files, the resolution should comply with the following instructions.

Articles should be submitted to the journal einstein (São Paulo) at https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/eins-scielo.

All authors must have an ORCID ID at https://orcid.org/signin.

Articles should be submitted in Microsoft Word format. The file must contain the following:

• article title;
• a short title;
• full names of authors and their affiliation;
• name of the department and organization that the work should be attributed to;
• full name, address, telephone number and, E-mail of the corresponding author;
• an abstract and at least 5 and no more than 10 keywords;
• main text;
• references.

Note: Annexes, appendices, tables and figures (images, graphs, photographs, and illustrations) should be uploaded in the submission system. Please submit tables as editable text and not as images