Abstract in English:

This article examines the changes in the profiles of candidates associated with the Federal Police over five elections for the Chamber of Deputies in Brazil, from 2002 to 2018, as well as the variations in their campaign discourses. To achieve this, the candidates were mapped using data from the Superior Electoral Court and other accessible sources. Campaign material available on the Internet was also collected. The data show that, in addition to the increase in the number of candidates linked to the Federal Police, there is a trend towards political professionalization, more participation from union and association leaders of the Federal Police in the analyzed elections, and a closer alignment of these candidates with center-right and right-wing parties. In 2010, Federal Police officers began using the ‘fight against corruption’ theme as an electoral asset in their election campaigns. We argue that these transformations occurred due to internal changes in the Federal Police, especially increased investment in the agency during Lula's first term (2003-2006), changes in the union activities of those linked to this agency, and the contextual effects of the Lava Jato operation.

Abstract in English:

This article examines the effect of democratic attitudes on voting in 2022. Our hypothesis is that the rising prominence of the topic of democracy in politics and in the public debate, starting in 2013 and becoming more pronounced after 2018, resulted in a division of the electorate into two camps based on their varying degrees of support for democratic principles — something not observed in earlier elections. To test this hypothesis, we utilized two surveys: the 2010 AmericasBarometer and the 2023 Clivagens Políticas no Brasil. The overall result shows that democratic attitudes — such as support for voting as a method for selecting who governs, the separation of powers, political participation, the rule of law, and minority rights — played a more significant role in explaining the vote for president in 2022 than they did in 2010. More than that, we identified a dominant pattern: except for political participation, there is a positive relationship between democratic attitudes and the vote for Lula.

Abstract in English:

Machiavelli’s republicanism is grounded on two primary aspirations: the preservation of freedom within republics and the expansion of their territories. However, these goals are not indefinitely compatible, as an imperialist foreign policy ultimately undermines a free way of life. An influential understanding of Machiavelli’s ‘republican dilemma’ suggests that he unequivocally prioritized imperial expansion over preserving freedom when these ends collided. This interpretation points to Machiavelli’s endorsement of the Roman model, which sacrificed its own freedom to expand its dominion over other peoples, as evidence of such a preference. This article challenges the notion of Machiavelli's imperialist intent, arguing that this interpretation not only overlooks Machiavelli’s critique of Roman imperialism but also ignores a non-imperialist alternative to territorial expansion presented in the ‘Discorsi’: the formation of leagues or confederations of free states for mutual defense. The league-based model of territorial expansion is the only approach that can effectively update Machiavelli’s international thought, aligning best with the contemporary republican ideal of freedom as non-domination.

Abstract in English:

This article explores and evaluates recent conceptual and theoretical developments in the literature on climate justice. Initially shaped by the first generation of IPCC reports and rooted in applied ethics, early climate justice debates framed the climate crisis mainly as a mitigation issue, exacerbated by global and intergenerational collective action dilemmas, requiring ethical principles for resolution. However, with increasingly dire climate forecasts and the policy inertia of the past three decades, climate justice theories have shifted toward a political economy-centered approach. This shift reframes the issue from simply setting just emissions standards to addressing questions of productive justice within a historically situated global energy regime. The article concludes by addressing two critical challenges for production-focused climate justice theories: how to implement radical political action and how to reconceptualize our normative relationship with future generations.