Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT The mobilization of reserves determines the formation of seedlings during germination, being influenced by seed vigor and adverse stress conditions. Seeds with higher vigor have greater potential for mobilization of reserves, and it can favor performance under conditions of salt stress. The objective of this study was to identify how the mobilization of reserves stored in common bean seeds contributes to the overcoming of salt stress, seeking to identify the difference in hydrolysis and mobilization of reserves among seeds with superior vigor. Seeds from two genotypes contrasting in vigor (BAF44 and BAF55) were used. Salt stress was simulated using sodium chloride, and evaluations were performed at one, three, five and seven days of germination. The variables analyzed in seedling was length, dry mass, and metabolic expenditure, while biochemical analyses of total starch, total protein, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, and alpha-amylase activity were evaluated in the embryonic axis and/or cotyledons. The salt stress condition negatively affected the performance of the seedlings, resulting in a decrease in length, mass accumulation, and reduced use of seed reserves, associated with a lower hydrolysis of starch and proteins. Seeds with higher vigor showed higher dry mass and seedling length even when subjected to salt stress conditions, because of greater hydrolysis capacity and use of soluble proteins and soluble sugars, which result in seedlings with better performance under control and salt stress conditions.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT In the soybean crop, seed treatment is widespread, often with the use of several products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytosanitary and functional products used in such treatments on the quality of stored soybean seeds. The seeds were treated with combinations of fungicide, insecticide, polymer, finishing powder, graphite, cobalt-molybdenum (CM), and inoculant. Quality evaluations were made at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days of storage after the treatment by means of the following tests: germination, seedling emergence, modified accelerated aging in substrate, primary root length, as well as quantification of dust-off of the seeds. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 10 × 5 factorial arrangement, involving 10 seed treatment compositions and five storage periods. To avoid harmful effects on physiological quality, CM and graphite added to the phytosanitary products should be used nearer to sowing, in a period of less than 15 days. Seeds with the basic industrial seed treatment used as a technological package in most seed production companies (fungicide, insecticides, and polymer) maintained physiological quality up to 60 days of storage. An excessive number of products use as seed treatment in this study, consisting of more than five, can negatively affect seed quality, even in a short storage period of 15 days. The composition of the treatment directly affects the dust-off of the seeds, especially combinations that include finishing powder and graphite.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT This study aimed at establishing the ideal sample size for evaluating the maturation cycle in Coffea arabica, and investigating the errors associated with different sample sizes, in addition to verifying the possibility of using the clustering method to separate genotypes according to the maturation stage. Two experiments were analyzed: one with F2:3 progenies using visual maturation assessment through fruit counting, and another with cultivars using image processing for maturation assessment. To determine the ideal sample size for this trait, we used the estimation of the errors associated with maturation, using the bootstrap technique. Subsequently, the K-means algorithm was tested as an alternative for clustering genotypes into maturation classes. The application of the bootstrap technique in order to estimate the error associated with maturation revealed that the adoption of a 450-mL sample size resulted in an associated error of approximately 5%, indicating that it is an adequate size for character assessment. The implementation of K-means as a clustering tool offers a promising perspective for Arabica coffee plant breeding programs. A more comprehensive analysis, which not only assesses the proportion of ripe fruits, but also considers the distribution of different maturation stages, provides a more accurate understanding of the maturation process. This allows a more precise identification of genotypes with the most suitable performance for different growing conditions, as well as enabling adjustments in harvest management and post-harvest processing, optimizing coffee quality.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Breeding of new cultivars of sugarcane uses several species belonging to the Saccharum complex genus. In this study, a set of 20 genotypes from the Saccharum complex was assessed for their growth promotion during germination using a mixed inoculant containing five selected diazotrophs and their resistance to short heat treatment (52°C / 30 min). The percentage of germination was evaluated, leading to the identification of three response groups. Saccharum officinarum (group I) showed the highest germination percentage, succeeded by Erianthus arundinaceus genotypes (group II) and the other genotypes (group III). The mean germination time (MGT) varied among the genotypes and segregated the growth response into two groups. Saccharum officinarum only required less than 15 days to reach the MGT, whereas the other genera required more than two or three days during the initial growth process. Bacterial counting also differed between the groups, being effective for S. officinarum and other genotypes, improving the colonization of the plants 100–1,000 times higher than the control and heat treatments. Further comparison was made among eight genotypes, including one Saccharum spontaneum(US72-1319), one S. officinarum (IN845), and six E. arundinaceus. This comparison measured biomass accumulation and root parameters. The E. arundinaceus group demonstrated less susceptibility to the heat treatment, resulting in stimulation of the root dry mass of IJ76-381 and root parameters of this genotype, as well as IJ76-364, although not associated to the inoculation treatment. Inoculation applied to US72-1319 and IN845 enhanced only the Shoot/Root ratio.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Mapping resistant populations makes it possible to identify the evolution and dispersal of resistance cases, providing important information for control-related decision making. This study aimed to identify and map herbicide-resistant sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) populations in Brazilian regions. The results showed no glufosinate resistance, with 485 samples (96.6%) classified as putative resistant to glyphosate, while nine (1.8%) and five (1%) were considered putative resistant to haloxyfop and clethodim, respectively. Two samples were deemed putative resistant to three herbicides (glyphosate, haloxyfop, and clethodim). One of the samples characterized as a control failure for all three herbicides was used on the dose-response curve. This biotype was identified as glyphosate-resistant, with low-level resistance to clethodim and haloxyfop. Based on C50, resistance factors of 10.96, 3.26, and 3.15 were identified for glyphosate, clethodim, and haloxyfop, respectively. Mapping sourgrass resistance is vital to understand and ensure the early identification and quantification of the frequency of these plants.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the impact of different concentrations of Trichoderma harzianum on the growth variables of tomato plants infected with both root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) and the bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum). Application of T. harzianum significantly improved growth variables such as shoot and root lengths and shoot weight (p 0.001), with the highest growth observed at the concentration of 1×104 spores/mL. Lower concentrations (8×103 and 2×103 spores/mL) also enhanced growth, but to a lesser extent. Notably, root weight decreased, indicating reduced gall formation, a positive outcome against nematode infestation. The study revealed that T. harzianum significantly reduced the number of galls, eggmasses, and nematode reproduction factors (p 0.001). The highest concentration (1×104 spores/mL) was most effective, followed by 8×103 spores/mL, demonstrating a dose-responsive reduction in these parameters. Regression analysis showed positive correlations between decreased gall numbers and increased shoot and root lengths and weights, as well as between reduced eggmasses and improved growth variables. Regarding disease severity, increasing concentrations of T. harzianum notably decreased the severity of both root-knot nematodes and bacterial wilt compared to the control. The control treatment exhibited a 72.5% severity, whereas treatments with T. harzianum reduced severity to 51–55.5%, and the highest concentration reduced it to 2.5%. This trend was consistent for bacterial wilt severity. The results indicate that T. harzianum effectively colonizes tomato roots, inhibiting pathogen entry and reducing disease severity more effectively at higher concentrations.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT The herbicides glyphosate and 2,4-D are widely used to control weeds in various crops. The rubber tree crop is exposed to these molecules, which can interfere with its establishment. This study aimed to assess the effects caused by the drift of glyphosate, 2,4-D, and the combination of both, in different proportions corresponding to 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64% of the recommended dose (1,440 and 804 g a·e·ha-1 of glyphosate and 2,4-D, respectively). The characteristic symptoms when 2,4-D was present in the drift began with wilting and shriveling of young leaves and, at the highest doses, quickly progressed to chlorosis, shoot epinasty, and edge necrosis, while mature leaves showed a brown color, culminating in a high rate of fall. The effects of glyphosate were intensified after leaf flushing, which occurred 120 days after its application and resulted in long, narrow, twisted leaves in a spiral shape and deformed shoots. Drift above 32% from the combination of glyphosate and 2,4-D resulted in a high mortality rate, while 16% damaged growth and resulted in the death of some plants. The results indicate that drift from the combination of glyphosate and 2,4-D intensifies the symptoms of phytotoxicity in rubber trees, with drift above 8% being harmful. For the herbicides applied alone, there was full recovery of the plants in the drift of up to 16%, so it is important to avoid the drift of these herbicides in the management of weeds in the rubber tree crop.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Although plant breeding and chemical approaches contribute to disease control, they are not able to completely contain it, due to the ability of the pathogen to resist against the fungicides and may overcome the resistance offered by plants of certain genotypes. Endophytic Penicillium citrinum strains GP1 and GP3, inoculated on seeds before sowing or sprayed on leaves, reduced the severity of rice blast while improving the growth of rice plants from cultivar BRSMG Caçula. Rice seed treatment with conidia of P. citrinum GP3, prior to seeding, led to a 58% reduction of blast severity. An association of GP1 and GP3 applied via seed treatment or foliar spray decreased blast severity by 33 and 37%, respectively. The area under the disease progress curve of the treatment of seeds (T5) with GP3 was lower than other treatments. For plant growth promotion, the association of GP1 and GP3 significantly enhanced the number of tillers per plant with 11 as compared to control, 10. Microscopic analysis revealed the endophytic colonization of rice root tissues by Penicillium GP1 and GP3. The P. citrinum reduced blast in rice plants while improving their fitness.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT The São Francisco Submedium Valley in Brazil is the country’s most important table grape exportation region. In 2015, a new pest was reported in the area, the American grapevine moth Lasiothyris luminosa (Razowski & Becker) (Tortricidae), causing significant damage from the bud flowers until the grape berries in the harvesting period. The present work aimed to evaluate artificial diets to guarantee the rearing of L. luminosa in laboratory conditions. Two artificial diets used to rear Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) were compared to the species’ natural host (grape berries). It was evaluated the larva, pupal, and larval-pupal period, longevity, fecundity, larval and pupal viability, and sex ratio. L. luminosa completed its cycle in both artificial diets, making it possible to use both to maintain the species in the laboratory. The larval and larval-adult period were shorter for the treatment with A. gemmatalis artificial diet. Also, this diet provided greater pupal viability and higher fecundity. Thus, the A. gemmatalis diet is more indicated to rear L. luminosa in the laboratory than the H. zea diet and grape berries.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Root-knot, caused by Meloidogyne javanica, is a serious disease on tomato. This study aimed to investigate the potential of using Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus eryngii to boost the resistance of tomato roots against infection by M. javanica. Tomato plants were grown in different conditions: substrate made of a mixture of soil with sand (SS) and infested with M. javanica; substrate made of a mixture of SS with mushroom (SSM) and colonized by L. edodes; SSM colonized by L. edodes and infested with M. javanica; SSM colonized by P. eryngii; and SSM colonized by P. eryngii and infested with M. javanica. Root samples were examined at 0, 4, 10, and 20 days after growing the tomato plants to determine the fresh weight of roots, activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase (CHI), and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), as well as the concentration of phenolics. There was no significant difference in PAL activity nor in the concentration of phenolics regardless of treatments and sampling time. Activities of CHI and GLU were greater for plants grown on SSM colonized by either L. edodes or P. eryngii regardless of the presence of M. javanica. Mushroom substrates enhance tomato plant defenses against root-knot nematodes by increasing CHI and GLU activities, suggesting potential for both direct antagonistic effects and indirect stimulation of plant resistance mechanisms.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT When implementing path analysis between technological and nutritional traits in common bean without considering the degree of multicollinearity, it is important to assess whether there will be errors in indirect selection. This study proposed: to assess path analysis under different degrees of multicollinearity for technological and nutritional traits in common bean; and to recognize the degree of multicollinearity that allows an accurate interpretation of direct and indirect effects of these traits for the indirect selection of fast-cooking. Then, 10 technological traits and seven nutritional traits were measured in 25 common bean cultivars obtained across four experiments. Path analysis was carried out using different degrees of multicollinearity: severe (including all traits), moderate to strong (excluding three traits), and weak (excluding four traits). The magnitude and algebraic sign of direct and indirect effects between technological and nutritional traits varied when path analysis was performed using different degrees of multicollinearity. With severe multicollinearity (condition number = 6,798.28), regression coefficient values were excessively high and in an unfavorable direction for selection. Under weak multicollinearity (condition number = 66.21), the value and sign of the generated correlation coefficients were more in line with the biological phenomenon studied, allowing for an accurate interpretation of the direct and indirect effects of technological and nutritional traits on cooking time. Indirect selection based on the lowest values of mass of 100 grains and calcium concentration is recommended in this study for the selection of fast-cooking common bean cultivars.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Herrania umbratica, a native species of South America, is used as a wild cacao source parallelly with Theobroma cacao. Despite its importance, its genomic information are not well presented and available. The gene models and proteins of H. umbratica with T. cacao, three Malvaceae species and three model plants were compared. H. umbratica shared the most proteins and genes with T. cacao, with more than 96% of similarity. The next close species to H. umbratica was Durio zibethinus followed by Gossypium raimondii and Corchorus capsularis. Species-specific genes of H. umbratica like Glu S. griseus protease inhibitor, WRKY34, disease resistance protein At4g27190, RPP13, and CEP are involved in disease response, stress adaptation, and growth and development. Five copies of theobromine synthase genes were revealed for H. umbratica and 10 for T. cacao. By blastn, blastp and blastx respectively, 2,179 gene models, 2,488 proteins and 2,722 gene models distributed in 58 transcription factors families were disclosed for H. umbratica. C2H2 with 739 members, WD40-like with 404, and MYB-HB-like with 311 were the top transcription factors. Simple sequence repeat species-specific markers were one deca-nucleotide unit (TTATTAAATG)3 and five nona-nucleotide units including (AAAAACAAA)3, (CAACAGCAG)3, (GACGATGAC)3, (GACGATGAC)3, and (TGGCGGTGG)3. This study disclosed that H. umbratica is a natural wild genetic resource for cacao breeding and can be used as a reliable gene pool to ameliorate cacao vegetation form, production, disease resistance, and stress adaptation.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT This study investigated the response of arabica coffee plants to the pathogen Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae using RNA-seq technology. Susceptible and resistant coffee plants were inoculated with the bacteria, and leaf samples were collected at different time points for RNA sequencing. Seven genes related to different defense pathways were chosen for expression quantification in time-course experiments using infected leaves from resistant and susceptible plants, as well as non-infiltrated and water-infiltrated leaves as controls. The results obtained revealed that response mechanisms differ between genotypes and provide insights into the genetic basis of early defense in coffee plants against P. coronafaciens pv. garcae, offering potential strategies for genetic breeding.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, is the main bacterial disease affecting the production of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), with significant impacts on Brazilian agriculture. The search for resistant genotypes is a fundamental strategy, given the prevalence and persistence of the pathogen in tropical conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to identify candidate genes for resistance to CBB through association mapping studies, using 126 Middle-American bean genotypes from the germplasm bank of the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The inoculation method was by cutting the leaves with scissors, using the isolate Xap-139y at a concentration of 107 CFU·mL-1, and the variables final score and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were evaluated. The expected performance of the means and the genetic parameters were estimated using the Selegen software. The GEN203 genotype was considered resistant for AUDPC and final score. Using multi-locus models (FASTmrMLM, ISIS-EM-BLASSO, mrMLM, pLARmEB), we identified 11 quantitative trait nucleotides associated with CBB resistance and 48 candidate genes in the resistance response. These genes act in several metabolic pathways, suggesting a complex polygenic inheritance. This work contributes significantly to understanding the genetic basis of resistance to CBB and the development of bean cultivars with better adaptability and productivity in regions affected by the disease.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is cultivated worldwide, with prominence in the Northeast region of Brazil, due to its favorable soil and climate conditions. However, over the years, the genotype × environment (GxE) interaction phenomenon has been occurred, which can complicate the selection process depending on its extent (whether it is a simple or complex interaction). In this context, melon breeding programs aim to identify adaptable and stable genotypes, capable of reaching their maximum potential. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate GxE interactions and identify cultivars with greater adaptability and phenotypic stability using various methods for comparison. Thirteen melon hybrids were assessed in four municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, across two planting dates, totaling eight distinct environments. The experiments were conducted in randomized complete blocks with three replications. The traits evaluated included the number of fruits per plant and total soluble solids. Several adaptability and stability methods were employed and compared including Wricke, Eberhart and Russell, Lin and Binns, Annicchiarico, GGE Biplot, and Resende (harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values). Significant GxE interaction for the number of fruits per plant was found to be simple, whereas for soluble solids, it was crossed. The methods of Linn and Binns, Annicchiarico, and Resende showed strong correlations among them and were all correlated with the trait mean. The HA-08 hybrid emerged as the most promising, exhibiting high number of fruits per plant, high soluble solids content, and exceptional adaptability and stability.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Jambu is important nationally and internationally for its dietary and medicinal use, notably for espilanthol. Despite its versatility, breeding work is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate aerial traits and estimate genetic parameters in jambu accesses to support a breeding program. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal da Amazônia, Capitão Poço campus. The treatments included 172 genotype clones from seven municipalities in the Northeast mesoregion, obtained from a farmer’s market. Seedlings were cloned and transplanted after three weeks. The design was completely randomized with three replications and 20 cm × 20 cm spacing. At harvest, genotypes were manually removed and taken to the Campus Agricultural Engineering Laboratory to measure 17 aerial part traits. Variance components, genotypic values, and genetic parameters were estimated using REML/BLUP methodology. Genetic and phenotypic correlation matrices and selection gains of 75, 50, and 25% of the genotypes were calculated. Significant genetic variance and high heritability were observed for traits such as plant fresh mass, leaf fresh mass, and stem fresh mass, which are favorable for selection. Indirect selection can enhance leaf and capitula mass without significantly increasing stem diameter. Selecting 50% of the population yields good selection gains without compromising genetic variability.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT This study sought to identify superior genotypes of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora suitable for agroforestry systems. The experiment took place in two distinct environments: monoculture and an agroforestry system featuring rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). Employing a randomized complete block design with four replications, the plants were spaced 3 m apart between rows and 1 m between plants in monoculture. In the agroforestry system, the spacing widened to 8 m between rows and 1 m between plants. The evaluation encompassed 11 genotypes, with 10 plants per plot in monoculture and 18 in the agroforestry system. Thirteen morpho-agronomic characteristics, spanning plant shape, uniformity of maturation, fruit size, vigor, pest and disease resistance, and production, were assessed. Employing the restricted maximum likelihood method and the best unbiased linear prediction method in the Selegen software facilitated data analysis, and selection was executed through the Mulamba-Rank index. Comparative analysis revealed that mean values for the evaluated characteristics were consistently higher in the agroforestry system compared to monoculture. Notably, clones A1, 5V, 308 and LB1 (C. canephora) emerged as the most promising genotypes in agroforestry system. Consequently, these clones stand out as robust candidates for inclusion in the composition of varieties tailored for agroforestry systems. This research offers valuable insights into optimizing coffee cultivation in the context of sustainable agroforestry practices.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT The species Psidium guajava L., commonly known as guava, is distinguished in the genus Psidium for its economic importance and medicinal properties. This study aimed to assess the population structures in 247 guava genotypes, which were organized into 11 full-sib families (FSF), and to explore the differentiation of these FSF based on phenotypic traits and single nucleotide polymorphism molecular markers. The study utilized a randomized block design to evaluate 10 phenotypic variables and 7,784 polymorphic markers, derived from leaf samples through genetic sequencing using DArTseq technology. The diversity among individuals was quantified using the Mahalanobis’ generalized distance. The UPGMA clustering method identified three homogenous clusters in the families. Excoffier’s analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated significant variability both between and in these clusters, with inter-group variability accounting for about 20% of the total variation. The genetic distance between individuals, calculated using molecular markers, was determined by the arithmetic complement of the unweighted similarity index. Ward’s method delineated five subpopulations. AMOVA further verified significant variability both between and in these subpopulations, attributing 89% of the total variation to differences between the groups formed. Eleven FSF could not be differentiated based on the analyzed data. Nevertheless, the analyses confirmed substantial genetic diversity, endorsing the continuity of the breeding program through selection and future crosses.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Climatic variation between grape-producing regions exposes plants to different environmental conditions capable of influencing their phenology. In this scenario, studies on the climatic potential of growing areas, as well as the phenology and thermal needs of vine cultivars in different growing seasons, are important tools for implementing new orchards. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the climatic potential, phenology, and thermal needs of vines cultivated at different times in the semi-arid region of Piauí, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a trellis system, spaced 3 × 1.5 m, during four growing seasons (2020-2021). The thermal conditions available in the region were expressed in degree days (DD) correlated with the phenological assessments, considering the basal temperature 10°C. Plant phenology was evaluated, regarding the duration of the phenological stages, according to the BBCH scale. The average phenological cycle of the cultivars was 2,133.33 (120 days) and 2,141.02 DD (128 days) for ‘BRS Magna’ and ‘BRS Violeta’, respectively. The cultivars studied produced bunches with morphological parameters suitable for commercialization, with emphasis on ‘BRS Magna’, which presented the largest number and length of bunches. From the results obtained, we concluded that the Bom Jesus region, Piauí, has climatic potential for vine cultivation. The vine’s growth potential is greater in times of warmer weather, requiring lower thermal sums to complete the growth cycle. ‘BRS Magna’ proved to be the most promising cultivation method in the region.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Producing grapes for juice has been gaining prominence in the Northeast region of Brazil with diversification of grape cultivars for juice production over the past decade. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of different vine training systems and rootstocks on the vigor, yield, and morpho-agronomic traits of ‘BRS Cora’ grapes over six production cycles. The experiment was conducted in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020. A randomized block experimental design was used with four replications in split-split plots in time, with evaluation of the espalier, pergola, and lyre training systems combined with the rootstocks IAC 572 and IAC 766. The variables studied were the following: bud fertility index; yield per plant; number of clusters per plant; weight, width and length of cluster and berry; soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); and ratio SS/TA. The response of the ‘BRS Cora’ vines were different depending on the training system, rootstock, production cycle, or interaction among them. The bud fertility index varied only as a result of the production cycle. The pergola training system increased yield in relation to espalier and lyre systems, also favoring a larger number and size of clusters. The IAC 766 rootstock increased berry size and TA, whereas IAC 572 favored higher sugar/SS content and SS/TA ratio. The fourth production cycle (harvest on 9 May 2019) led to the best agronomic performance of ‘BRS Cora’ grapevines under the conditions of the Submédio do Vale do São Francisco region.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT The rootstock Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa flying dragon (FD) induces dwarfism to citrus trees. Dwarfism provides several positive aspects: allows dense planting, reduces the pruning frequency, improves productivity efficiency, and makes cultural practices easier. Evaluating the compatibility of the rootstock with different scion varieties is crucial for recommending this rootstock and requires many years of field observations. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the vigor and graft compatibility of Citrus × sinensis L. Osbeck and Citrus × latifolia Tanaka grafted onto FD. The experimental was a randomized block design, with five treatments, four replications, and each plot consisting of one tree. The cultivar Tahiti acid lime IAC-5 and Seleta, Lima, Bahia, and Folha Murcha oranges were the evaluated plants. Biometric measurements of canopy and graft incompatibility were assessed, and viables spacing were estimated. No signs of incompatibility were observed in any graft combination. After 12.5 years, FD induced dwarfism in all evaluated cultivars, but not to Tahiti acid lime. In the edaphoclimatic conditions of North Fluminense, we suggest planting densities of 511, 1,387, 1,486, 792 and 1,644 plants.ha-1 to Tahiti, Seleta, Lima, Bahia, and Folha Murcha oranges trees, respectively, when these are grafted onto the FD.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT ‘BRS Vitória’ is the leading seedless table grape cultivar in tropical regions of Brazil, but there is a lack of information regarding suitable rootstocks for subtropical cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and nutrient cycling of ‘BRS Vitória’ grapevines grafted onto rootstocks ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, and ‘1103P’ under subtropical climate conditions. Crop yield, nutrient content, and weight of shoots and bunches were assessed over two growing seasons, along with nutrient removal via pruning and harvest and nutrient utilization efficiency. The ‘IAC 572’ rootstock promoted greater shoot biomass accumulation and crop yield compared to ‘IAC 766’ and ‘1103P’. Both nutrient content and nutrient accumulation were also higher in grapevines grafted onto the ‘IAC 572’ rootstock. Nevertheless, the amount of nutrients transported to the bunch was comparatively lower than in ‘IAC 766’ and ‘1103P’. Given its superior productivity, nutrient accumulation capacity, and nutrient utilization efficiency, the ‘IAC 572’ rootstock is more suitable for ‘BRS Vitória’ grapevines in subtropical regions.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT The Pera sweet orange tree is the most cultivated scion variety in Brazil, mainly grafted onto Rangpur lime rootstock. Despite its drought tolerance, Rangpur lime is susceptible to various citrus diseases. More recently, trifoliate orange and its hybrids have been used as alternative rootstocks, but most genotypes are graft-incompatible with Pera. In this study, we assessed the long-term performance of Pera IAC sweet orange, which is a pre-immunized clone against citrus tristeza virus, grafted onto 11 trifoliate orange-derived rootstocks, one somatic hybrid and the standard Rangpur lime. The experiment was installed in Bebedouro, SP, Brazil, in February 2011, in a rainfed regime. The design was completely randomized with 13 treatments, 10 replications and one tree in the plot. Changsha × English Large (IAC 1711) citrandarin rootstock conjugated the tallest trees, high cumulative yield, and good drought tolerance up to 2020, followed by Rangpur lime and tetraploid citranges. The Flying Dragon trifoliate orange and tetraploid Carrizo citrange (IAC 387) rootstocks induced the highest content of soluble solids and acidity in Pera oranges. At 9 years old, four citrandarins, a citradia and one somatic hybrid rootstocks were graft-incompatible with Pera IAC sweet orange. All scion/rootstocks’ combinations were affected by huanglongbing. The IAC 1711 citrandarin, tetraploids Troyer (IAC 385) and Carrizo (IAC 387) citranges and Flying Dragon trifoliate orange have potential as graft-compatible rootstocks of Pera IAC, but evaluations should continue in the long term. In addition, the later rootstock must be evaluated in irrigated high-density orchards aiming at competitive yields.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Red cabbage microgreens, with high nutraceutical value and peculiar sensory characteristics, has been one of the most studied microgreens for cultivation in plant factories, especially under red and blue light irradiance. However, under white light, it is necessary to know the effect of sowing density on their physiology, yield, and quality, which is the objective of the present study. Five sowing densities (60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 g·m–2) were evaluated in an indoor environment under photosynthetic photon flux density of 250 μmol·m–2·s–1 of white light + 20 μmol·m–2·s–1 of red light, and photoperiod of 20 h. Increase in sowing density caused greater competition among seedlings, which increased hypocotyl length and reduced cotyledon area and shoot dry mass of the microgreens. However, the perceived decreases in the individual plant mass were offset by an increase in the number of plants, which resulted in higher yields as sowing density increased. Efficiency of photosystem II, initial fluorescence, and maximum fluorescence were not influenced by sowing density. As for the quality of microgreens, increasing the sowing density resulted in an effect contrary to that observed for yield and reduced contents of calcium, iron, pigments, and ascorbic acid.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT The vicinity of natural areas can enhance availability of pollinators and crop productivity. Considering the global reduction of pollinators and the global food insecurity, innovative strategies to enhance pollination and crop yield are important. Thus, we investigated the efficacy of using colored attractors of pollinators to improve okra yield. The use of pollinator attractors led to a significant increase in the length, volume, and weight of okra in comparison to plants without attractors, and notably larger when compared to plants without pollinator access. Although uncertainties remain regarding scalability and optimal implementation, our results emphasized the opportunity of the colored attractors, a low-cost intervention, to boost food productivity and alleviate food insecurity.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient for coffee seedlings. To meet this requirement, coffee growers usually apply di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), which is highly sensitive to local price fluctuations. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) has been recommended, but the results derived from their application are inconsistent and uncertain, depending on soil fertility status. The response of AMF and PSF application in the plant growth of coffee seedlings during the nursery stage was evaluated in four non-sterile soils, which represent the most abundant type of soils in the coffee regions of Colombia: Eutropept, Dystropept, Fulvudand, and Ultisol. The treatments included a commercial AMF inoculum, PSF-Phlebia subserialis-CH4, and a consortium of AMF+PSF, at four P levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g.plant-1 P2O5) using DAP fertilizer. Shoot dry weight (SDW) was affected by P applications in Fulvudand. In the other soils, a P-response occurred with 0.5 g.plant-1 , whereas 1 and 2 g.plant-1 of P2O5 caused a significant reduction in SDW. AMF increased SDW by 40% in Eutropept. The negative effect of higher P amounts was mitigated (> 70%) through PSF and AMF+PSF in Ultisol and Eutropept, respectively. In plants in which microorganisms increased SDW, the P concentration was 0.17 to 0.22%. The plant growth promotion of coffee seedlings during the nursery stage with AMF and/or PSF applications varied according to soil type and P amounts applied.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT The production of high-quality wheat seeds in soils with low soil organic matter (SOM) content requires the use of nitrogen (N) fertilization techniques, since different types of N fertilizers have different impacts on crop uptake and development. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of wheat seeds from modern cultivars, grown in soils with low SOM content, under different ammoniacal and nitric N fertilization rates in Southern Brazil. Seeds were produced in three locations (Capão do Leão, Pelotas and Rio Grande, RS, Brazil), during two crop seasons (2021/22 and 2022/23), under N rates of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg·ha-1 of N, supplied with urea (46% N) and ammonium nitrate (AN) (27% N). Germination test, dry weight and length of aerial part and root of seedlings, accelerated aging test (AAT), emergence in seedbed, and electrical conductivity (EC) of seeds were evaluated. It was observed that seed germination presented acceptable values, with rates of viable seeds varying from 86 to 99%, except location 3, which presented values below 80% germination at the rate of 160 kg·ha-1 of N. A reduction in seed vigor was observed with the use of AN. Increasing N rates reduced germination in AAT and increased seed EC. EC has a negative correlation with all parameters indicating good physiological seed quality. It was concluded that excessive rates of N negatively impact the physiological potential of wheat seeds grown in soils with low SOM contents.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT Improper soil management for the development of important crops worldwide can jeopardize carbon (C) storage and soil organic matter (SOM) health. It was postulated that the application of vinasse to sugarcane soil under the control of agricultural machinery could increase C stocks and improve aggregate stability index, soil porosity and density, thus ensuring better root penetration. Therefore, in this study, the management system of sugarcane based on rainfed with vinasse application (RV), irrigated (I) and irrigated with vinasse application (IV) was studied in a tropical environment to determine the C stocks and the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five replicates, and the organic C contents and stocks, soil density, total porosity, soil resistance to root penetration, and aggregate stability index (ASI) of sugarcane within rows and between rows were analyzed at 0–10- and 10–20- cm depth. The RV and IV treatments promoted the same potassium concentrations in the row and between the rows of sugarcane cultivation. The IV exhibited the highest soil ASI (74% at 0–10- and 77% at 10–20-cm depth) and stored approximately 70% more carbon than the I management. The use of sugarcane vinasse preserved the physical conditions of the soil, particularly in the inter-row area, by reducing surface layer compaction and increasing soil moisture and porosity, thereby representing a more sustainable long-term management system.